<?xml version="1.0" ?><?encoding UTF-16?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../xsl/unit.xsl"?><unit><full_name>indian elephant standard</full_name><dictionary>indian_elephant_standard</dictionary><category>cavalry</category><class>heavy</class><voice_type>Female_1</voice_type><soldier><name>hellenic_elephant_archer</name><soldiers>9</soldiers><extras>3</extras><mass>1</mass></soldier><mount>elephant indian</mount><mount_effect>horse +4, chariot +4</mount_effect><attributes>sea_faring, can_run_amok, frighten_foot, frighten_mounted, hardy</attributes><formation><side_spacing>7</side_spacing><front_spacing>11</front_spacing><loose_side_spacing>13</loose_side_spacing><loose_front_spacing>16</loose_front_spacing><ranks>1</ranks><formations>square</formations></formation><stat_health><hit_points>1</hit_points><animal_hit_points>4</animal_hit_points></stat_health><stat_pri><attack>4</attack><charge>0</charge><missile_type>arrow</missile_type><range>170</range><ammo>30</ammo><weapon_type>missile</weapon_type><tech_type>archery</tech_type><dammage_type>piercing</dammage_type><sound>none</sound><min_delay>15</min_delay><lethality>1</lethality></stat_pri><stat_pri_attr>no</stat_pri_attr><stat_sec><attack>5</attack><charge>55</charge><missile_type>no</missile_type><range>0</range><ammo>0</ammo><weapon_type>melee</weapon_type><tech_type>other</tech_type><dammage_type>blunt</dammage_type><sound>none</sound><min_delay>0</min_delay><lethality>0.2</lethality></stat_sec><stat_sec_attr>area, launching, ap</stat_sec_attr><stat_pri_armour><armour>14</armour><def_skill>6</def_skill><shield>0</shield><sound>leather</sound></stat_pri_armour><stat_sec_armour><armour>24</armour><def_skill>7</def_skill><sound>leather</sound></stat_sec_armour><stat_heat>1</stat_heat><stat_ground><scrub>0</scrub><sand>0</sand><forest>-5</forest><snow>-4</snow></stat_ground><stat_mental><morale>7</morale><discipline>normal</discipline><training>trained</training></stat_mental><stat_fire_delay>0</stat_fire_delay><stat_food>60, 300</stat_food><stat_cost><turns>2</turns><cost>13000</cost><upkeep>3250</upkeep><upgrade_weapon>270</upgrade_weapon><upgrade_armour>400</upgrade_armour><custom_battle>13000</custom_battle></stat_cost><ownership>thrace, macedon, numidia, romans_julii, romans_brutii, pontus, parthia, slave, saba</ownership><description><name>Elephantes Indikoi (Indian Elephants)</name><short>Imported from the regions around the old Eastern Persian provinces, Elephantes Indikoi are an exceptionally valuable resource in combat, very popular among Alexandros' Diadochoi.</short><long>Can Run Amok
Frightens Infantry

Imported from the regions around the old Eastern Persian provinces, Elephantes Indikoi are an exceptionally valuable resource in combat, very popular among Alexandros' Diadochoi. Towering over most other creatures, they can easily scare men and horses alike, with both their size and smell, though elaborate bells and trappings often add to their intimidation. Such corps are directed by their own mahouts riding behind their heads, often a native of their own country who has spent at least two years training his beast from capture. The mahout is armored to better protect against the obvious assault that generally comes against him, launched to bypass the thick natural armor of his mount.

Elephants are best used as cavalry screens for your army, where their presence can scare away enemy cavalry. They can also be used to ram through an enemy battle line, though they are less useful when faced with loose order or phalanx infantry. Pyrrhos of Epeiros even innovated a tactic of flank screens when he fought the Romans at Heraklea. Beyond their obvious use against enemy infantry or cavalry, they can also be used in siege combat; battering down gates, though they're highly vulnerable to better prepared installations. Their greatest vulnerability is against skirmishers, slingers and archers, who can pepper them with missiles - eventually toppling them by virtue of their cumulative impact. To counter the effect of enemy skirmishers, it is often wise to array your own in opposition, or to maintain constant attacks upon each individual group.

Historically, the use of elephants in war was largely contained to India, but after the battle of Hydaspes that changed. Though Alexandros never cared over much for the animals, his successors were very much in favor of their use, organizing their own elephants into a distinct corps under their own "elephantarchos". These "Elephantes Indikoi" (Indian Elephants) were imported for war in the West from the old Eastern Persian provinces around Baktria, Gandhara, Sattagydia, and Sind - though most originally hailed from the regions directly around the river the natives call the Sindhu. In the first wars of succession, each Diadochoi had a contingent of Indian elephants and Indian mahouts, who stayed on where they taught the Hellenes how to capture and train elephants for war. Such forces had been wreaking havoc on battle lines for centuries within the armies of Indian Rajas, and the Diadochoi used them on an equal scale (the first substantial group supposedly numbered 500 elephants total, granted to Seleukos I Nikator by his new ally Chandragupta Maurya, called "Sandrokottos" in Greek), attaching substantial political power to their possession - some officers gained temporary power and success simply by this virtue (most notably, the Eastern Satrap Eumenes).

Despite their great usefulness when properly employed, it was not unusual for elephants to cause defeat for those who employed them. If an enemy was clever enough to devise their own means to combat elephants, as was the case at the battle of Gaza when Ptolemaios planted an ‘iron spiked minefield’ to ward off elephants, or when Caesar properly utilized slingers and Scipio gaps between his infantry cohorts to channel the elephants, they could be defeated and even turned against their masters. Even pigs were used on occasion, released among elephants who were often scared of their comparatively small, darting forms. However, despite the many different weapons and stratagems being devised to fight them and the huge expenses required to maintain them, the elephant was still considered a valuable asset, maintained widely. The Arche Seleukeia even developed a corps of ‘elephant guards,' whose task was simply to defend the beasts in combat.

Other non-Hellenic powers also used Indian elephants in war, but it seems not to the same great extent. These powers started using elephants when they gained control of Indian provinces, such as the Pahlava, Kushan Empire and the Indo-Saka kingdoms.</long></description></unit>